VDKI常务董事Franz-Josef Wodopia在路透社发表的讲话中援引VDKI的估计称，2019年全球海运煤炭进出口总量从2018年的12.1亿吨增至12.18亿吨。
由于钢铁产量下降，2019年炼钢用炼焦煤贸易下降了1％，至2.87亿吨。但用于电站的动力煤贸易增长了1.2％，至9.32亿吨。
VDKI称，世界需求增长主要由印度主导，印度新发电厂的开工使进口量增加了5.3％，至2.35亿吨，其进口源主要来自澳大利亚，印度尼西亚和中国。
在亚太市场，韩国在进行了限制颗粒物排放的管制后进口量减少了7％。相比之下，由于发达国家更加重视可再生能源，大西洋市场在结构上疲软，从而为应对气候变化做出了更大的努力。
此外，天然气过剩使天然气在西欧成为煤炭的相对廉价替代品，与使用煤的发电厂相比，天然气的二氧化碳排放量减少了约一半。
国际能源署上个月表示，预计到2024年世界煤炭需求将保持稳定。不过分析师以东南亚需求增长为理由，预计今年价格将回升。
从长远来看，2015年《巴黎气候协定》要求到2050年从实质上终止燃煤发电，德国也在近期同意到2038年完全退出燃煤发电。
接到问询总是开心的，毕竟客户是公司发展的根本。从业十几年来，从少到1个方的螺丝螺母空运非洲，到多至三四万方的散杂货租船订舱，不管是拼箱、空运还是集装箱、散货船，兢兢业业的服务下来，交往了来自全国各地分布在非洲各国的朋友，也有幸因为这个行业接触了各行各业，看到过很多华人华商在非洲迅速的财富累积，也看到了不少华人华商因为汇率或者非洲政局、治安的不稳定遭受的大起大落的心酸和不易。久而久之，就总想写一点东西，把海运的整个链条解剖给华人华商看，让更多的华人华商在非洲创业的过程中尽可能地得到优质的海运服务和节省成本。
不管你在非洲哪个国家创业，只要需要从中国进口物资，终归是离不开国际物流，离不开海运、空运。空运因为运费较高，适合小、精、轻、贵、急的货物，这个大多数人都只知道，我们后期再谈。今天重点聊一下海运。
海运模式分很多种，大家最常用的就是集装箱，整柜和拼柜。其外还有框架箱、开顶箱、杂货船、干散货船、滚装船、木材船、再特殊的还有重吊船、半潜船、液化天然气船、液化石油气船、化学品船，当然这些用到的几率并不高。还有一种常用的就是非洲的一些小港口或者港口条件不行，而常常见到的驳船。
我们先说集装箱，集装箱太普遍，基本能装国际贸易中所有能装进集装箱的货物，至于你在非洲从事什么生意，发过什么货物，合规的相信大家在国外从事这个行业久了，都一清二楚。
今天我们就来聊一聊合规发货的规格分类！
普通集装箱分：
20GP（内径：5898*2352*2390mm）
40HC（内径：12024*2352*2390mm）
40HQ（内径：12024x2352x2680mm）
也就是我们常说的小柜（32立方）、大柜、高柜。
不管哪一种，先国内的限重基本都是要求在28吨以内,只是装货的体积不同，抛货装大柜，重货装小柜，如此而已。但12.02米只是个设计内长，实际有效内长最多到11.9米。掌握了这些数据，你就不会出现发钢管、方管、型材、让厂家切成12米导致装不进集装箱里的尴尬了。也不会出现用小柜装塑料筐亏重量，用大柜装地砖亏方数的事请。
所以，在采购之前，最好根据货物的重量体积特性，计算出大约采购多少，其实基本都能算出个八九不离十，有效的避免货多了装不下或者买少了装不满的情况。
因为不管是临时加货，还是装不下退货，都要增加不必要的人工、物流的资金成本，人跟着跑来跑去的累不说，还上火。
有超高超宽超长货物，一定要提单跟代理沟通，避免订错箱型，导致二次背箱陆运。最简单的办法就是订舱之前，有准确的数据提供给代理，让代理给协助核算箱型箱量，尽快这块儿的工作量也不小，但在代理这边，是免费的服务。
说完尺寸重量，作为收发货人的你最关心的就是海运费了。因为海运费随着国家油价、市场行情的变化，有涨有跌，没有大规律可循。只能靠发货时期的行情运气和代理的实在程度。
说到这里，我得为我们海运人诉个苦，大约从2013年开始，非洲线上大部分集装箱的海运费利润都在100美金左右了，有时候50美金都不到，想一下，把几十吨货物，从中国运到非洲，历时28-60多天，报关报检操作至出提单，把一个柜子的所有程序走完需要最少一周时间，才赚50美金，您说海运人的收入算不算苦逼呢？
说起海运费，回想一下这十几年来，作为顾客的你们，都有一个同样的要求，那就是“既要快还要便宜”其实大部分时候是挺难的，但我们也非常理解这种想法，毕竟对于每个在非洲创业的个人和公司，时间就是金钱。
言归正管，如何节省海运成本呢，这个要参考很多因素，最基础的，看你对货物的到港的期限是否有要求，如果不着急，那就找个转运的船，那运费一定便宜。
着急的就找直达船，但是不是直达船就一定贵呢，也不一定，看这个直达船的业务量，业务太多，装不过来，自然运费就贵，业务量少，运费就会便宜些，作为船东的他们，也不愿意浪费舱位空船跑。比如11年以前的安哥拉，小柜海运费4000美金没舱位，现在的安哥拉，小柜1500美金没有货，这就是市场因素决定的海运行情。也就是我们行业内常说船方市场和货方市场的区别。
作为发货人，最常用的办法是货比三家，问完这家问那家，最后选一个费用最低的订舱了，这个方法好用，但是否一定能降低运输成本呢，也未必，就海运费而言，海运费用构成十几项，海运费、七八个名目的港口费用、一两个证书费用、报关报检遇到的查验费、装箱过程中的不确定因素的费用，如果沟通不清楚，没有规范的合同，遇上不诚信的代理，本来询价最低的，最后成了实际产生费用最高的。再就是货比三家，往往比的只是代理，没有船公司的比较，光看价
作为发货人，最常用的办法是货比三家，问完这家问那家，最后选一个费用最低的订舱了，这个方法好用，但是否一定能降低运输成本呢，也未必，就海运费而言，海运费用构成十几项，海运费、七八个名目的港口费用、一两个证书费用、报关报检遇到的查验费、装箱过程中的不确定因素的费用，如果沟通不清楚，没有规范的合同，遇上不诚信的代理，本来询价最低的，最后成了实际产生费用最高的。
再就是货比三家，往往比的只是代理，没有船公司的比较，光看价格最低了，也许你用的就是最慢最久服务最差的船公司，比如同一个港口，A船公司是直达船，市场价3500，三家货代报了3400、3600、3580，但你并没有留意或者问询是直达还是中转船，直接选择了3400的，然而代理实际给你上的却是B船公司，B船公司可能就是那个传说中服务最差、周期最长的中转船，市场价3000不到，这就是典型的费时费事又费钱！这些情况该如何避免呢？第一，找专业、诚信的代理公司，在报价时，要求给出详细的费用明细，并且表明哪些是一定有的，哪些是不确定的，遇到不确定的，费用大约会产生多少，立到合同里。如果你对船公司有了解，可以指定船公司，这厉害了，小念觉得您要不介意，也可以同做天下海运人了。
第二，对自己的货物的货值、品牌、品质、包装、装箱布局有基本的了解，避免被黑代理给忽悠。第三，最实用的方法，就是包干价格，一个柜子从仓储到开船，总计需要多少费用，一个包干价，一份合同，超出的任何费用均由谁谁谁承担。
综合起来说，节省海运成本，除了上述的要点，还有很重要的就是多与你的海运朋友沟通交流，比如小念我（真的不用客气，随时交流）。做有计划的采购、备货、发货，避免多地采购造成的物流成本和异地装货成本；了解自身货物的特性，适配箱型箱量。避免出现重复装、掏箱。避免重复陆运。
避免集装箱装一半等货（真有很多客户，装了三分之二，发现货物不够，等到两三天才采购齐货物的，这里产生的费用多了去了，等的时间短的有人工待时费、设备待时费，时间久的有二次调箱费、二次返箱费等等，真的很不值）。
小念说到这里，不免的要毛遂自荐一下，如果有一家从事中国至非洲海运行业十几年，能为你提供采购、仓储、报关报检、海运一站式服务的代理公司，你要不要试试呢？如果这个公司规范有序，有正式合同，有责任，有担当，可满足你不同的货物发运需求，你还在等什么呢？
Global seaborne coal trade grew 0.7 percent in 2019, thanks to higher output from China and Indonesia and more export activity from Indonesia, Australia, Russia and Canada, the German coal importers' association VDKI said Friday.
Global sealift coal imports and exports rose to 1.218bn tonnes in 2019 from 1.21 billion tonnes in 2018, VDKI managing director franz-josef Wodopia said in remarks published by Reuters, citing VDKI estimates.
Trade in coking coal, used to make steel, fell 1 per cent to 287m tonnes in 2019 as steel production fell. But trade in thermal coal for power stations rose 1.2 per cent to 932m tonnes.
VDKI said world demand growth was led by India, whose imports rose 5.3 per cent to 235m tonnes on the back of new power plants, mainly from Australia, Indonesia and China.
In the asia-pacific market, South Korea's imports fell 7% after restrictions on particulate emissions were introduced. By contrast, the Atlantic market is structurally weak as developed countries put more emphasis on renewable energy, leading to greater efforts to combat climate change.
Moreover, the glut has made gas a relatively cheap alternative to coal in Western Europe, reducing its carbon dioxide emissions by about half compared with coal-fired power plants.
The international energy agency said last month that it expects world coal demand to remain stable through 2024. But analysts expect prices to recover this year, citing growing demand in southeast Asia.
In the longer term, the 2015 Paris climate agreement calls for a virtual end to coal-fired power generation by 2050, and Germany recently agreed to pull out entirely by 2038.
It is always good to receive inquiries, after all, the customer is the foundation of the development of the company. Industry for more than a decade, from less to one side of the screw nut air in Africa, to as many as three or four of ten thousand bulk cargo charter booking, LCL, air or container, bulk carrier, dedicated service, contact the friends from all over the country distribution in African countries, also had the opportunity to contact with all walks of life, because the industry saw many Chinese Chinese businessman in Africa rapid accumulation of wealth, also saw a lot of Chinese in Chinese because of currency or African politics, security is not stable and not easy to suffer from the ups and downs of bitterness. As time went by, I always wanted to write something to dissect the whole chain of shipping and show it to Chinese businessmen, so that more Chinese businessmen could get high-quality shipping service and save cost as much as possible in the process of starting a business in Africa.
No matter which country in Africa you start your business in, as long as you need to import materials from China, you cannot do without international logistics, sea transportation and air transportation. Air freight is suitable for small, fine, light, expensive and urgent goods because of the high freight. Today's focus is on shipping.
There are many modes of shipping. The most common are container, FCL and LCL. There are also frame boxes, open top boxes, general cargo ships, dry bulk carriers, ro/ro ships, timber ships, and especially heavy cranes, semi-submersibles, liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) ships, and chemical ships. Of course, these are not used very often. Another common type is the small ports or ports in Africa are not good conditions, but often seen barge.
We first said the container, the container is too common, basically can load all the goods that can be loaded into the container in the international trade, as to what business you are engaged in in Africa, what goods have been delivered, compliance believe that everyone engaged in this industry abroad for a long time, are clear.
Today we are going to talk about compliance with the delivery of specifications classification!
Ordinary containers:
20GP (inner diameter: 5898*2352*2390mm)
40HC (inner diameter: 12024*2352*2390mm)
40HQ (inner diameter: 12024x2352x2680mm)
Namely we often say small ark (32 cubic meters), big ark, tall ark.
No matter which kind, the first domestic weight limit is basically required within 28 tons, but the volume of loading is different, put the goods into a large container, heavy goods into a small container, that's all. But 12.02 meters is only a design inside length, the actual effective inside length up to 11.9 meters. With this data in hand, you won't have to deal with the awkwardness of sending steel pipes, square pipes, and profiles that can't fit into a container because the manufacturer has to cut them into 12 meters. Also won't appear with small ark outfit plastic basket deficit weight, with big ark outfit floor tile deficit square number of things please.
Therefore, before the purchase, the best according to the weight and volume characteristics of the goods, calculate the purchase of about how much, in fact, the basic can be calculated out of nine or ten, effectively avoid the goods too much to pack or buy less than the load of dissatisfaction.
Because no matter be temporary add goods, or can not pack return goods, want to increase the capital cost of unnecessary labor, logistics, people follow to run around tired not to say, also angry.
For goods with super width and length, the bill of lading must be communicated with the agent to avoid ordering the wrong type of box, which will lead to the secondary land transport. The simplest way is to provide accurate data to the agent before booking the space, let the agent to assist in the accounting of the box size, as soon as possible this part of the workload is not small, but in the agent's side, is free service.
Say that the size of the weight, as the consignor you are most concerned about the sea freight. Because sea freight along with the change of country oil price, market quotation, have rise have fall, do not have big rule to follow. Can only rely on the shipping period of the market luck and the agency's degree of reality.
Here, I have to for our shipping v. a bitter, starting around 2013, Africa online most of the container sea freight profits at around $100, sometimes that's less than $50, and think about it, the dozens of tons of cargo, from China to Africa, over 28 - more than 60 days, customs clearance operations to a bill of lading, a cabinet of all program through need at least a week, just us $50, you said shipping income is not helpless pain?
Speaking of sea freight, think back to the past decade, as customers, you all have the same requirements, that is, "both fast and cheap" in most of the time is very difficult, but we also very understand this idea, after all, for every business in Africa, individuals and companies, time is money.
Speaking of normalized management, how to save shipping costs, this should refer to many factors, the most basic, see whether you have requirements for the goods to the port of arrival, if not in a hurry, then find a transshipment ship, the freight will be cheap.
In a hurry to find a direct ship, but not a direct ship must be expensive, not necessarily, look at the volume of business of this direct ship, business too much, can not load over, natural freight is expensive, less business, freight will be cheaper, as ship owners, they are not willing to waste space empty ship run. For example, in Angola 11 years ago, there was no shipping space for small container with the sea freight of usd 4,000, while in Angola now, there is no cargo for small container with usd 1,500. This is the shipping market determined by market factors. That is the difference between the ship market and the goods market, which is often said in our industry.
As the shipper, the most commonly used method is to shop around, after asking the asked that, finally choose one of the lowest cost booking, this method works, but whether it can reduce the transportation cost, also not necessarily, in terms of sea freight, shipping costs constitute a dozen, sea freight, port charges incurred during the seven or eight of purpose, one or two certificate fee, customs clearance of the inspection fee and the cost of the uncertain factors in the process of using, if communication is not clear, no standard contract, meet dishonest agent, was lowest quotation, finally became the actual cost is the highest. Another is to shop around, often than just agents, no ship company comparison, just look at the price
As the shipper, the most commonly used method is to shop around, after asking the asked that, finally choose one of the lowest cost booking, this method works, but whether it can reduce the transportation cost, also not necessarily, in terms of sea freight, shipping costs constitute a dozen, sea freight, port charges incurred during the seven or eight of purpose, one or two certificate fee, customs clearance of the inspection fee and the cost of the uncertain factors in the process of using, if communication is not clear, no standard contract, meet dishonest agent, was lowest quotation, finally became the actual cost is the highest.
And shop around, than just agent, no shipping company, at the lowest price, maybe you are using is the slowest ship with the worst the longest service companies, such as the same port, A ship company is direct steamer, the market price of 3500, three forwarder called the 3400, 3600, 3580, but you didn't notice or information is direct or transfer ship, chose 3400 directly, but acting on actual to you is shipping company B, B is probably the worst legend services of shipping companies, the longest cycle transit ship, 3000 less than the market price, it is typical to time-consuming and costly. How can these situations be avoided? The first, look for professional, good faith agency company, when quote, the requirement gives detailed expense detail, and show what is certain to have, what is uncertain, encounter uncertain, the expense approximately can produce how much, set up in the contract. If you have understanding of the shipping company, you can designate the shipping company, which is awesome, small read think you don't mind, also can be with the world shipping people.
Second, the value of their goods, brand, quality, packaging, packing layout have a basic understanding of the black agent to avoid fraud. Third, the most practical method, it is to pack dry price, a cabinet from storage to shipping, the total need of how much cost, a pack dry price, a contract, any extra costs are borne by who who who.
To sum up, in addition to the above points, it is also important to communicate with your shipping friends, such as me. Purchase, stock and deliver goods in a planned way to avoid logistics cost and remote loading cost caused by multi-location purchase; Understand the characteristics of their own goods, adapt to the size of the box. Avoid repeated loading and emptying. Avoid duplicate land shipments.
Avoid half container cargo (really have a lot of customers, with two-thirds, found the goods is not enough, two or three days wait for purchasing his goods, and here the cost more, such as short time stay with artificial fee, equipment for the cost, time for a second box cost, secondary return charges, etc., really isn't worth).
Xiao nian said here, can not help but to recommend yourself, if there is a China to Africa shipping industry for more than ten years, can provide you with procurement, storage, customs declaration, inspection, shipping one-stop service agency, you want to try it? What are you waiting for if this company is well-organized, has formal contracts, responsibilities, and commitments to meet your different shipping needs?