在世界银行发布的2020年《营商环境报告》中，中国跨境贸易指标排名从2019年的第65名提升至第56名，超越了日本、巴拿马、新西兰等9个进出口为海运的国家和地区，其中，上海跨境贸易便利度在全球海运经济体中排名第五。而再上一年，我国跨境贸易指标排名大幅提升了32位。
优化营商环境是一项跨部门、跨区域、跨层次的系统工程。在跨境贸易这个“可视窗口”，上海的营商环境如何做到“一盘棋”，相互联动形成合力?记者撷取了其中三个画面，它们如同三面镜子，折射出上海优化营商环境的能力与魄力。
单一窗口
每个模块更新背后都有一个体系的支撑
上海国际贸易单一窗口在世行“跨境贸易”测评中是最主要的得分点之一，也是世行点赞并向全球推荐的“上海服务”。截至目前，上海国际贸易单一窗口已形成兼具监管和服务特点的十大功能板块、53项地方应用，22个相关部门已进入单一窗口，为上海4万多家企业和全国近30万家进出口企业服务。
“功能的复杂性和业务处理量都已名列世界前茅”——世行专家的点评精准到位。在过去的2019年，“单一窗口”向营商环境优化的纵深处迈进，每一个业务模块的推出或者更新，背后都是一个体系的支撑：
增设“服务贸易”专区，将服务领域从货物贸易拓展至服务贸易，单一窗口上线了技术贸易、服务外包合同备案业务办理功能。走到这一步还不算，技术开发方亿通国际向市税务局发问：“服务贸易出口退税业务办理功能是不是能开通?”双方坐下来，打通一个个“堵点”，进一步扩大了纳税企业服务面。
建设空港“通关+物流”服务功能，亿通国际联合浦东新区、机场集团成立空港信息化课题工作组，搭建起一套“通关物流全程评估系统”，详细分析影响上海口岸整体通关时效原因，提出管用的措施，进一步提高了通关时效。
“单一窗口不仅解决了企业在口岸报关所需要的货物申报、运输工具申报、许可资质办理，还实现了很多地方性特色服务功能。”市商务委副主任申卫华透露，进入2020年，单一窗口将构建“标准功能—特色服务—应用市场”三位一体的营商环境服务架构，在“通关+物流”的基础上进一步实现“通关+物流+收费”，做到跨境贸易时间和成本的可视化、可追溯、可操作。
港口降费
多部门齐心降低“一篮子”费用
交出去的钱还能退回来?这几天港航企业的朋友圈里就在议论这件“神奇”事。2019年底，市商务委发了一份《上海市落实2019年港口建设费减负政策措施的通知》，过去一年在上海港范围内向上海海事局缴纳的港口建设费地方留成部分将退付缴款人，退付金额为《港口建设费专用收据》缴费金额20%。
意外的“红包”返还，放在优化营商环境的背景下，看起来并不意外。“政策的发布为港航企业减少了通关成本，对上海港承揽货源、扩大货物吞吐量能起到一定作用。”市商务委相关负责人认为，这是政策发布后可以“看得见、摸得着”的直观影响。
调降港口收费，努力的不止是商务部门。去年3月，市发展改革委、市交通委、市财政局、市市场监管局、上海海关、市商务委等联合发布《上海口岸深化跨境贸易营商环境改革若干措施》，一口气降低“一篮子”港口费用：货物港务费降15%;保安费降20%;推动港口企业进一步降低搬移费10%;推动船公司下调THC和减并部分文件类附加费……把这些费用降下来，可以为企业省出3亿元，大大降低企业的进出口物流成本。
数据显示，近年来，上海在港口降费方面的力度较大：2015年、2016年，上海港通过减少行政性收费，两年降费达到2.5亿元;2017年、2018年，通过下降港口的经营性收费，上海港仅集装箱装卸费就下降了超过15亿元。“在降低口岸费用方面，2019年上海为减轻企业负担，已完成2.4亿元退费。”申卫华说，今年上海将进一步落实“港口建设费”地方留成部分的退费，加强口岸收费公开和监督检查，减少中间环节，将各项降费措施更好地传导到进出口企业。
保税维修
打通一个“堵点”带来区域转型巨大动力
随着15台维修好的测距仪经嘉定出口加工区顺利出境发往美国，上海禾赛贸易有限公司物流主管郑诚悬着的心终于放下——这也是在上海特殊监管区域内开展的全国首单激光行业保税维修业务。
所谓保税维修，是企业在特殊监管区域内，对来自境内外的部件损坏、部分功能丧失或出现缺陷的货物进行检测或维修，并复运出境(区)的经营行为。禾赛科技是3D传感器制造商，国外业务占总业务量的七成。“高科技产品更新迭代迅速，加上客户使用、运输导致的损坏，产品运回国内升级、维修的需求很多。”郑诚说。
传统模式下，禾赛科技出口传感器的维修服务走得有点慢——每次仅进出口通关就要花十多个工作日，走完一整套程序加上维修时间，两三个月是常事。不仅如此，企业还需向海关缴纳保证金，最多时累计积压超过了1000万元保证金。而在保税维修模式下，企业无需提交审批材料和海关三级审批，货物查验率由过去的100%骤减至5%;进境和出境各自只需1-2个工作日，压缩了2/3以上，而且无需缴纳保证金，境外采购维修用设备还可享受免税政策。郑诚说，这些利好对企业完善售后服务、提高品牌形象、参与国际竞争都大有助益。
跨境贸易中每一个“堵点”被打通，都能给整个区域经济转型带来巨大动力。《关于推进贸易高质量发展的指导意见》提出，鼓励向产业链两端延伸，推进维修、再制造、检测等业务发展。激光行业保税维修的全国首单走通，意味着企业的红利将顺势向产业链“微笑曲线”两端延伸。
“这也是海关特殊监管区域未来发展的趋势所在。”嘉定海关关长姚卫东表示，按照海关全面深化改革2020框架要求，嘉定出口加工区成功走通了上海关区海关特殊监管区域“两步申报”的第一票，也积极为细化“两区优化”措施落地做好了准备。
近日，“中远海运室女座”集装箱货轮停靠德国汉堡港，装卸货物。这是“中远海运室女座”轮的第二个航次，除了将中国出口的产品运到欧洲外，还要将空客飞机组件等货物带回中国。随着中远海运不断增加在欧洲航线大型集装箱船的投入数量，中欧海上贸易联系也日趋紧密。
当地时间９月２５日早晨，在德国汉堡港，空客飞机组件顺利吊装到“中远海运室女座”轮上。
当地时间9月25日早晨，在德国汉堡港，空客飞机组件顺利吊装到“中远海运室女座”轮上。在经过30余天的航行后，这些飞机组件将抵达中国天津港。
一大早，在德国汉堡港，一架空客飞机的组件顺利吊装到“中远海运室女座”轮上。经过30余天的航行后，这些飞机组件将抵达中国天津港。“中远海运室女座”轮大副于胜德说：“今天装到我们‘中远海运室女座’轮上的是空客Ａ320飞机，始发港是德国汉堡，目的港是中国天津。我们大约需要３２天的航行，到达目的地中国天津。在运输过程中，公司要求每天要进行检查，每天检查结果要报告给公司，确保所有的设备，所有的绑扎，固定在有效状态，确保安全运输到达目的地。”
位于天津的空客亚洲总装线于2008年投产，是继法国图卢兹和德国汉堡之后的第三条空客单通道飞机总装线，也是空客公司在欧洲以外的首条总装线。天津保税区驻欧洲办事处主任、空客运输项目驻欧洲中方代表高天贤介绍说：“这架次是第406架次，（之前）我们已经发走了405架了。我们目前的运输方式主要是这样，大部件都走海运，小部件有一大部分走海运的集装箱。海运是比较省钱，而且是比较安全的运输方式，目前这种大部件如果采用其他运输方式，比如说空运，难度会非常大。”
海运业是国际贸易的桥梁和纽带，目前全球商品贸易货运量90％以上是通过海运完成的。中远海运（欧洲）有限公司总裁林戟说，随着中欧贸易的发展，中远海运不断在欧洲航线投入超大型船舶，中欧海上贸易联系日益紧密，“中远海运（欧洲）公司从一开始就把总部设在了汉堡，我们在从全球化到区域化发展的过程当中，第一个就是布局从远东到西北欧，到地中海的直达干线。同时，又瞄准了欧洲区域内的市场，利用欧洲航运业及其发达的特点，随着船舶大型化，我们的干线是挂靠到基本港，然后再通过我们在当地的支线业务，从基本港辐射到所有的偏港和小港，把我们的贸易向整个欧洲内陆和小国偏港进行辐射。”
据了解，中远海运（欧洲）有限公司目前共有员工4800多名，其中从中国外派的员工仅有100余人，其余全部为当地员工。中远海运集运（欧洲）有限公司欧洲海运操作中心总经理宋术青说，“我们是中层管理人员，把握方向，具体的工作需要外籍员工来做，相关的信息、市场的信息，也需要外籍员工来做，所以说货量的增长，包括如何去揽货，怎么去操作，还需要当地员工的支持。”
杰格尔·索斯滕已经在中远海运（欧洲）公司工作了７年。他说，中方高层的管理理念被当地员工普遍接受和认同，彼此之间也建立了信任：“我在中远工作为了个人的事业发展，也是一份保障。在我的日常工作中，我们会收到来自总部的要求，这些工作任务是明确的、详实的，高层的决定不会出现非朝令夕改的情况。这样我们可以充分信任公司，公司也得到了客户的信任。”
"Cross-border trade" is one of the world bank's top ten business environment indicators because it is an extremely complex system involving a large number of government departments -- the municipal development and reform commission, the municipal commerce commission, the municipal market supervision bureau, the Shanghai customs, the municipal transport commission... Therefore, this is a very intuitive "visual window", how the overall planning and linkage effect between each block, the enterprise "body sense" strong.
In the world bank's 2020 doing business report, China's cross-border trade index rose from 65th in 2019 to 56th, surpassing Japan, panama, New Zealand and nine other countries and regions that import and export by sea. Last year, China's cross-border trade index rose 32 places.
Optimizing the business environment is a systematic project across departments, regions and levels. In this "visual window" of cross-border trade, how can the business environment in Shanghai achieve "a game of chess" and form a joint force with each other? Three of the images, captured by journalists, are like three mirrors reflecting Shanghai's ability and drive to improve its business environment.
A single window
There is a system behind each module update
The single window of Shanghai international trade is one of the most important scoring points in the bank's "cross-border trade" measurement, and it is also the "Shanghai service" recommended by the bank to the world. Up to now, the single window of international trade in Shanghai has formed ten functional sections and 53 local applications featuring both supervision and service, and 22 relevant departments have entered the single window, serving more than 40,000 enterprises in Shanghai and nearly 300,000 import and export enterprises in China.
"The complexity of functionality and the volume of business processing is among the highest in the world," say the bank's experts. In the past 2019, "single window" has advanced to the depth of business environment optimization. Every business module launch or update is supported by a system:
A special area of "service trade" was added to expand the service field from goods trade to service trade. Technical trade and service outsourcing contract filing and business handling functions were launched in a single window. Go to this step still do not calculate, technology develops a party yi tong international to ask to city tax bureau: "service trade export drawback business handles a function to be able to open?" The two sides sat down and got through each "jam point", further expanding the service scope of the tax-paying enterprise.
Construction of airport "customs clearance + logistics" service function, yitong international and pudong new area, the airport group set up a working group on airport informatization, set up a set of "customs clearance logistics assessment system", detailed analysis of the impact of the overall customs clearance of Shanghai port aging reasons, put forward effective measures to further improve the aging of customs clearance.
"The single window not only solves the problem of declaration of goods, declaration of means of transport and handling of license and qualification needed by enterprises for customs clearance at ports, but also realizes many local characteristic service functions." City business committee, deputy director of the ShenWeiHua revealed, in 2020, will build a single window "standard functions, features, application market" trinity, doing business services architecture on the basis of the "customs clearance and logistics" further realize the "customs clearance, logistics and charge", do cross-border trade time and cost of visualization, traceability, and operational.
Port JiangFei
Multi-sector efforts to reduce the "basket" of fees
Can I get my money back? These days in the circle of friends of port and shipping enterprises are discussing this "magic" thing. At the end of 2019, the municipal commission of commerce issued a notice on the implementation of policies and measures to reduce the burden of port construction fees in 2019. The local retained portion of port construction fees paid to the Shanghai maritime safety administration within the scope of Shanghai port in the past year will be returned to the payor, and the refund amount is 20% of the payment amount of the special receipt of port construction fees.
The unexpected return of "red envelopes" does not seem surprising in the context of a better business environment. "The release of the policy reduces the cost of customs clearance for port and shipping enterprises, and plays a role in sourcing and expanding the throughput of goods at Shanghai port." The relevant person in charge of the municipal commission of commerce believes that this is the intuitive impact that can be "visible and tangible" after the policy is released.
It is not just the commercial sector that is trying to reduce port charges. In march last year, the municipal development and reform commission, the municipal transport commission, the municipal finance bureau, the municipal market supervision bureau, the Shanghai customs and the municipal commission of commerce jointly issued the measures on deepening the reform of the cross-border trade and business environment at Shanghai ports, which reduced the "basket" of port fees by 15%. Security fee reduced by 20%; Promote port enterprises to further reduce removal fees by 10%; To promote the shipping company to reduce THC and reduce some document type surcharges... Reduce these expenses, can save 300 million yuan for the enterprise, greatly reduce the import and export logistics cost of the enterprise.
Data show that in recent years, Shanghai has made great efforts to reduce port fees. In 2015 and 2016, Shanghai port reduced administrative fees by 250 million yuan in two years. In 2017 and 2018, container handling fees at Shanghai port alone dropped by more than 1.5 billion yuan by lowering operating charges at ports. "In terms of reducing port fees, Shanghai has completed a 240 million yuan refund in 2019 to ease the burden on enterprises." Shen weihua said that this year, Shanghai will further implement the "port construction fee" local retained part of the refund fee, strengthen the port fee disclosure and supervision and inspection, reduce the intermediate links, will be better transmitted to import and export enterprises.
Bonded repair
To break through a "blocking point" brings great impetus to regional transformation
With 15 repaired rangefinders successfully shipped to the United States via the jiading export processing zone, zheng cheng, logistics director of Shanghai hesai trading co., LTD., was relieved -- the country's first laser bonded maintenance operation in a special regulatory area in Shanghai.
The so-called bonded maintenance refers to the business behavior of an enterprise in the special supervision area to inspect or repair the goods with damaged parts, partial loss of functions or defects from home and abroad, and then ship them out of the territory. Hesai technology is a manufacturer of 3D sensors, with foreign business accounting for 70 per cent of its business. "The rapid update and iteration of high-tech products, coupled with the damage caused by customers' use and transportation, has created a great demand for products to be shipped back to China for upgrading and maintenance." Chriszheng said.
Under the traditional mode, the maintenance service of the export sensor of hesai technology is a little slow -- it takes more than ten working days for each import and export customs clearance alone, and two or three months is not uncommon after a complete set of procedures and maintenance time. Not only that, the enterprise also needs to pay the deposit to the customs, the maximum accumulated backlog of more than 10 million yuan deposit. However, in the bonded maintenance mode, enterprises do not need to submit approval materials and three levels of customs approval, and the inspection rate of goods has been reduced from 100% in the past to 5%. It only takes 1-2 working days to enter the country and leave the country respectively, which reduces by more than 2/3. Moreover, there is no need to pay deposit, and the overseas purchase and maintenance equipment can enjoy the tax-free policy. Zheng cheng said, these good for enterprises to improve after-sales service, improve brand image, participate in international competition has a great help.
Every "barrier" in cross-border trade can bring huge impetus to the economic transformation of the whole region. The guiding opinions on promoting high-quality development of trade are put forward to encourage the extension of the industrial chain to promote the development of maintenance, remanufacturing, testing and other businesses. The laser industry bonded maintenance of the country's first single through, which means that the dividend of the enterprise will homeopath to the "smile curve" at both ends of the industrial chain.
"This is also the trend of the future development of areas under special customs supervision." Yao weidong, director of jiading customs, said that in accordance with the 2020 framework for comprehensively deepening the reform of the customs, jiading export processing zone has successfully passed the first vote of "two-step declaration" in the special supervision area of Shanghai customs, and has made preparations for the implementation of detailed measures for "two-zone optimization".
Recently, "cosco Marine virgo" container ship called at the port of Hamburg, Germany, loading and unloading goods. This is the second voyage of the cosco shipping ship virgo, which will not only ship Chinese exports to Europe, but also bring goods such as airbus aircraft components back to China. As cosco shipping continues to increase the number of large container ships invested in European routes, the maritime trade links between China and Europe are getting closer.
On the morning of September 25, local time, in the port of Hamburg, Germany, airbus aircraft components were successfully lifted onto the ship "cosco Marine chamber".
On the morning of September 25, local time, in the port of Hamburg, Germany, airbus aircraft components were successfully lifted onto the ship "cosco Marine chamber". The aircraft components will arrive at the port of tianjin, China, after a 30-day voyage.
Early in the morning, in the port of Hamburg, Germany, components of an airbus plane were successfully lifted onto the "cosco Marine chamber". The aircraft components will arrive at the port of tianjin, China, after a 30-day voyage. Yu shengde, chief officer of the "cosco Marine virgo", said: "today, the aircraft loaded on board the" cosco Marine virgo "is an airbus A320 aircraft. The port of departure is Hamburg, Germany, and the port of destination is tianjin, China. It will take us about 32 days to sail to tianjin, China. During the transportation process, the company requires daily inspection, and the results of daily inspection shall be reported to the company to ensure that all the equipment, all the binding, is fixed in a valid state, and that the transportation reaches the destination safely."
The tianjin-based airbus Asia assembly line, which began production in 2008, is the third single-aisle assembly line for airbus aircraft after Toulouse and Hamburg, and the company's first outside Europe. "This is the 406th sortie," said gao tianxian, director of the European office of tianjin free trade zone and the European representative of the airbus transport project. Our current mode of transportation is mainly like this, large parts are shipped, small parts have a large part of the shipping containers. "Shipping is a cheaper and safer way to transport large parts that would be very difficult to transport in other ways, such as by air."
The shipping industry is the bridge and link of international trade. At present, more than 90% of the global freight volume of commodity trade is completed by sea. Cosco shipping (Europe) co., LTD., President of Lin Ji said, with the development of china-eu trade, cosco shipping routes into very large ships in Europe, constantly central sea and closer trade ties, "cosco shipping (European) company headquarters in Hamburg, right from the start we are from the process of globalization to the regional development, the first is the layout from the far east to the north-western Europe, to the main line to the Mediterranean. , and aimed at the market in the European area at the same time, using the European shipping industry and the characteristics of the rich, as the ship large, our main line is attached to the base port, and then through our regional business in local, from basic port port and ports where radiation to all, our trade to the port of inland and small countries across Europe, radiation."
It is reported that cosco shipping (Europe) co., ltd. currently has more than 4,800 employees, of whom only more than 100 are from China and the rest are all local employees. Cosco shipping freight (Europe) co., LTD., European Song Shuqing shipping operations center general manager said, "we are the middle managers, to grasp the direction, need foreign workers to do specific work, information, market information, also need foreign workers to do, so the growth of the cargo, including how to seek goods, how to operate, also need the support of local employees."
Jagger sosten has worked for cosco shipping (Europe) for 7 years. He said China's top management philosophy was widely accepted and recognized by local employees, who also built trust with each other. In my daily work, we will receive requests from the headquarters. These work tasks are clear and detailed, and the decisions of the senior management will not be changed without constant changes. That way we can trust the company, and the company gets the trust of our customers."